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Leading community organizations, including Chicago’s Woodstock Institute, report evidence today of a two-tiered mortgage market characterized by high rates of government-backed loans made both to borrowers in communities of color and to borrowers of color in their new report, “Paying More for the American Dream VI: Racial Disparities in FHA/VA Lending.”
Download the report
Data from home mortgage loans originated in seven US cities in 2010 show that black and Latino borrowers and borrowers living in communities of color received government-backed loans (“GBLs”)—insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)–significantly more often than did white borrowers. Borrowers who purchased homes in communities of color received government-backed loans twice as often as did borrowers in predominantly white communities. Homeowners in communities of color received government-backed refinance loans more than three times as often as did homeowners in predominantly white neighborhoods.
In the Chicago area, FHA and VA loans constituted a staggering 75 percent of all home-purchase loans made in communities of color—the second-highest rate among the seven cities in the study. The Chicago region also saw the second-highest rate of FHA and VA home-purchase loans made to black borrowers, with FHA and VA loans comprising 82 percent of loans made to black borrowers.
Homeowners in Chicago-area communities of color obtained government-backed refinance loans nearly five times as often as did homeowners in predominantly white communities, and black homeowners received them almost five times more often than did white homeowners.
“These disparities are very troubling. Some people who were eligible for a more affordable conventional loan may have been steered into an FHA loan based on their race or where they live,” said Barbara VanKerkhove of the Empire Justice Center. “That is why, among other things, we are urging federal regulators to take a close look at FHA lending when doing fair lending exams,” added Charles Bromley of the Ohio Fair Lending Coalition.
Among the seven cities:
• Government-backed loans made up almost 67 percent of the home-purchase loans made in communities of color.
• Government-backed loans made up 27 percent of the refinance loans made in communities of color.
• Government-backed loans made up 3 of every 4 home-purchase loans made to black borrowers, and 2 of 3 loans made to Latino borrowers.
• Black and Latino homeowners received government-backed refinance loans 3.5 and 2.1 times more often than did white homeowners, respectively.
“These patterns are symptoms of a deeper problem: the lack of access to prime conventional loans by borrowers and neighborhoods of color—in other words, ongoing redlining,” noted Spencer Cowan of Woodstock Institute.
Although banks are making conventional loans, the report’s analysis indicates their provision of conventional credit is far more restricted in communities of color and to people of color. The disproportionate prevalence of FHA loans in communities of color raises fair lending flags.
The report underscores the need for specific actions by policy makers to address systemic inequalities in housing finance, with the following recommendations:
• Fair lending enforcement has to be a top priority at all levels of government.
• Regulators must ensure fair access to sound, affordable mortgages.
• Mortgage servicers, securitization trustees, and banks must keep foreclosed properties in good repair.
• The Community Reinvestment Act must be expanded and vigorously enforced.
This is the sixth edition of the “Paying More for the American Dream” series. “Over the six years, one dimension of the lending patterns in our seven cities has been persistent,” said Kevin Stein of the California Reinvestment Coalition. “Stark inequities in mortgage lending disproportionately affect borrowers and neighborhoods of color.”
Press Contact: Katie Buitrago, 312-368-0310 or
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This report is a collaboration of Woodstock Institute, the Empire Justice Center, Neighborhood Economic Development Advocacy Project, Reinvestment Partners, the California Reinvestment Coalition, the Massachusetts Affordable Housing Alliance, and the Ohio Fair Lending Coalition. Other contacts include: Alexis Iwanisziw (212.680.5100 x.201), Tom Callahan (617.822.9100), Chip Bromley (216.410.3879), Kevin Stein (415.864.3980), Barbara van Kerkhove (585.295.5815), and Adam Rust (919.667.1000).
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Join us at a briefing on "Paying More for the American Dream VI" on Tuesday, July 24th at 1pm CT. Researchers from the Paying More for the American Dream collaborative will explain the findings and recommendations of the report and answer questions on its implications. You can tweet questions to @WoodstockInst before or during the call.
For call-in information, register here.
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